How to Replace a Factory Stereo Without Losing Features

Throughout the history of car audio, upgrading a factory head unit has been standard practice in the search for greater sound quality, power, and features. Historically, manufacturer-installed (OEM) car stereos were feature-poor, and there weren't many downsides to replacing it with an aftermarket head unit.

The landscape of aftermarket and OEM car stereos is more complicated today. Many car owners are now asking whether losing OEM features is worth the improved sound quality of an aftermarket head unit. With the advent of infotainment systems, integration with steering wheel controls and voice controls, and OEM telematics systems like OnStar, simply popping out a factory head unit for an aftermarket one can disable some great features.

However, with careful planning, the right adapters, and accessories, it's possible to upgrade a modern factory head unit without losing performance.

Keeping the Features You Want

Infotainment can mean slightly different things depending on the manufacturer. It's an umbrella term that includes everything from GPS navigation to Bluetooth integration and in-car multimedia. A growing percentage of new cars sold each year come with these systems instead of basic head units.

You may want to retain some features of your vehicle's infotainment system while letting go of others. It's important to consider this when looking at upgrade options.

Features that you may lose access to by switching to an aftermarket head unit include the following:

• Steering wheel audio controls
• Voice controls
• Factory Bluetooth integration
• Satellite radio
• Factory amplifiers
• OEM telematics (such as OnStar and Sync)
• USB media players
• Rear seat entertainment systems
• Safety alerts
• Navigation

Aftermarket Head Units, Wiring Harnesses, and Adapters

Three primary factors affect which features you'll have access to when you upgrade a factory car stereo. The specific head unit you choose is probably the biggest factor since, to keep many features, you'll have to choose a head unit that has those features and is compatible with the requisite harness or adapter.

Retaining some other features can be a little more complicated, and you will often have to work backward: Identify the features you want to keep, find an appropriate adapter unit, and then look for an aftermarket head unit that works with that adapter and has all the other features and specifications you want.

Wiring harnesses are at the root of any head unit upgrade. There are a few ways they can come into play. Some car stereo wiring harness adapters connect an aftermarket head unit to a vehicle's wiring harness without any cutting, splicing, or soldering. Other harness adapters can be wired to the harness that came with your new head unit, after which they can be plugged into the vehicle's wiring harness connector.

Beyond those basics, wiring harness adapters can also be used for specialized functions like connecting to or bypassing a factory amplifier. So, if your car came with a decent amp that you'd like to keep using, you can do so by acquiring a wiring harness adapter that's designed to connect that factory amp to an aftermarket head unit.

On the other hand, if you want to bypass an anemic factory amp and use the built-in amp included in your new head unit or upgrade to a new external amplifier, there are harnesses designed for that purpose.

Keeping Steering Wheel Audio Controls

Steering wheel audio controls may be one feature that you want to hang on to when you upgrade your factory head unit, and there are a few ways to go about it. This is also one of the easiest features to integrate with a new head unit, and many aftermarket car stereos include some type of steering wheel audio control compatibility.

To retain steering wheel audio control functionality, you need two things: a compatible head unit and an adapter. The first part is relatively easy due to the prevalence of this feature in cars. When looking at potential new head units, keep an eye out for ones that list "wired remote control input" or "SWI" (steering wheel input) as a feature.

After you identify a compatible head unit that includes all the features you're interested in, you'll have to buy an appropriate steering wheel audio control adapter. For instance, if the head unit is SWI-JS compatible, which stands for Jensen and Sony, you'll need an SWI-JS adapter that's designed to work with your make and model of vehicle.

Other OEM Features

To retain access to features like factory Bluetooth integration and OEM telematics, such as OnStar and Sync, you need a more complex adapter than one for the steering wheel audio controls, and many of them retain SWI functionality. With the correct interface module, it may be possible to retain access to features like:

• Steering wheel controls
• OEM telematics
• Digital amplifier controls
• Factory Bluetooth integration
• Navigation outputs
• Satellite radio

These interface modules are designed to be plugged into the original factory harness and then connected to a compatible aftermarket head unit. In some cases, you may need to cut and splice some wires to complete the installation. In other cases, it's a matter of plugging in the necessary harness adapters. In any case, the features that you retain access to depend on factors like the vehicle's make, model, and year and the capabilities of the aftermarket head unit that you choose.

For instance, if your OEM head unit included built-in satellite radio, an interface module won't allow you to retain access to satellite radio functionality. If the OEM head unit was only satellite radio and came with an external satellite radio module, an interface module may allow you to integrate it with your new head unit, provided that you select a compatible aftermarket head unit and that the right interface module exists in the first place.

Other Concerns When Upgrading Factory Head Units

The problem of fit and finish can represent almost as large a hurdle as the potential for lost features when replacing a factory head unit. Aftermarket head units typically conform to the single DIN and double DIN form factors, while the OEMs have increasingly moved toward nonstandard head units in recent years.

In some cases, you may be able to find an aftermarket head unit that includes the features you want and that is specifically designed to replace your non-standard factory head unit. This isn't common, and the options are limited, so the chances are good that you'll be out of luck if you have your heart set on a direct-fit replacement for your nonstandard factory head unit.

When a direct-fit replacement isn't available, either locate an appropriate stereo install dash kit or have one fabricated. The former is less expensive, and dash kits are available for most new vehicles that include nonstandard modular head units. Depending on how integrated the factory head unit controls are with the dash, they can be somewhat complicated to install. Still, you will typically end up with a relatively clean-looking installation.

Fabrication is more complicated and typically more expensive, but it is an option when a dash kit isn't available. Some DIYers opt to fabricate their own dash kits, but it definitely isn't a project for the faint of heart, especially if you are worried about the look of your new vehicle. Skilled DIY mods and professionally fabricated dashes can look incredibly good, though, and in some cases, the result is even more aesthetically pleasing than a generic dash kit.